Baja California and the Sea of Cortez (also known as the Gulf of California) form one of the most biologically diverse and visually stunning regions in North America. Baja California, a rugged, narrow peninsula that stretches over 1,200 kilometers (750 miles) from the U.S. border to the southern tip at Cabo San Lucas, is defined by its dramatic desert landscapes, towering mountains, and expansive coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Cortez.

The Sea of Cortez, nestled between Baja and mainland Mexico, is often referred to as "the world's aquarium," a term coined by Jacques Cousteau for its extraordinary marine biodiversity. This warm, crystal-clear body of water is home to a dazzling array of marine life, including whales (gray, blue, and humpback), dolphins, sea lions, manta rays, and over 800 species of fish. Its nutrient-rich waters attract seasonal migrations of marine mammals and serve as an essential breeding ground for many species.

The combination of Baja's desert beauty and the vibrant underwater world of the Sea of Cortez makes the region a paradise for adventurers and nature lovers. Visitors can explore serene, sandy beaches, hidden coves, and rocky cliffs, perfect for hiking, kayaking, snorkeling, and scuba diving. Baja's unique blend of desert and ocean also creates breathtaking sunsets and starry night skies, offering a peaceful escape for those seeking both natural beauty and adventure. The region’s rich culture, influenced by its indigenous roots and colonial history, adds to the allure of Baja California and the Sea of Cortez, making it an unforgettable destination for travellers.

The climate in Baja California and the Sea of Cortez is varied, influenced by its desert landscapes, coastal proximity, and geographic range from north to south. Northern Baja, near the U.S. border, experiences a Mediterranean climate with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers, while the central and southern parts of the peninsula are more arid, experiencing desert and semi-arid conditions. Along the Pacific coast, cooler ocean currents create a moderate, coastal climate, keeping temperatures milder year-round.

The Sea of Cortez side of Baja has a warmer, drier climate, with more extreme temperature fluctuations between day and night. Summers (June to September) are typically hot, with temperatures ranging from 85°F to 110°F (29°C to 43°C) and some areas seeing occasional tropical storms or hurricanes. Winters (December to February) are mild, with temperatures averaging between 60°F and 75°F (15°C to 24°C), offering a pleasant season for outdoor activities and water sports.

The Sea of Cortez itself is generally warm, with water temperatures ranging from about 68°F (20°C) in winter to 85°F (29°C) in summer, creating ideal conditions for snorkelling, diving, and marine life observation. Rainfall across Baja is limited, with the majority falling in short bursts during late summer or early fall. This dry climate fosters Baja’s rugged desert landscapes and unique plant life, such as towering cardón cacti, which can survive long periods without water. Overall, the climate in Baja and around the Sea of Cortez is warm and sunny much of the year, with a blend of desert aridity, coastal breezes, and warm waters that make it a top destination for travellers.

Visa Requirements: Travelling to Baja California generally requires a valid passport, but visa requirements vary based on the visitor’s nationality. U.S. and Canadian citizens can enter Mexico, including Baja, without a visa for stays of up to 180 days. Upon arrival, travellers typically need to complete a Forma Migratoria Múltiple (FMM) tourist permit, which is free for stays of seven days or less by land. For longer visits or entries by air, a fee applies. Visitors from other countries may need to check specific visa requirements, which can vary, and it’s always best to verify the latest entry conditions with a Mexican consulate or embassy.